martes, 27 de marzo de 2012

Figures and letters

Alphabet:

Spanish alphabet (Alfabeto or Abecedario) is similar to the English alphabet with the addition of the letter ñ.


The Spanish pronunciation is probably the easiest in the world. Spelling in Spanish is very easy. You only have to remember some simples rules:

  • B and V sound the same
  • C sounds like K before A / O / U and sounds like Z before E / I
  • CH sounds like in English Chocolat
  • G sounds like J before E / I (Género = Gender and Gigante = Gigantunles you write like this GUE / GUI (Guerra = War and Guitarra = Guitar
  • H has no sound
  • K is almost not use in Spanish. Only foreign words  have this letter. 
  • LL has a special sound, similar to consonant Y in most parts of the Spanish World 
  • Ñ has a especial sound
  • Q is only used wit E / I, like this: QUE / QUI
  • R has a weak sound in the middle of a word (Caro = Expensive) and a strong sound at the beginning of the word (Rata = Rat) and when is RR (Carro = Cart / Car
  • W is almost not use in Spanish. Only foreign words have this letter. 
  • Y has a vowel sound equal to I and a consonant sound equal to LL. At the beginning (Yo = I) or in the middle (Reyes = Kings) of a word is a consonant and at the end (Rey = King) is a vowel. 


Tilde:

In Spanish there is a symbol called "tilde" in some words. The "tilde" only appears in some words and only on the vowels. Only one vowel in a word can have the "tilde". 

Now you don´t have to learn the rules for using the tilde, but you have to know that the "tilde" is part of the word, without the "tilde" the word is wrong.

Sometimes the "tilde" is the only difference betwenn two words:
  • = Yes / Si = If
  • Él = He / El = The
  • Papá = Dad / Papa = Pope


Spelling:

Only using 5 questions you can write any Spanish word that you listen with no mistakes:

  1. ¿Con B o con V? = With B or with V?
  2. ¿Con G o con J? = With G or with J?
  3. ¿Con H o sin H? = With H or without H?
  4. ¿Con LL o con Y? With H or without H?
  5. ¿Con tilde o sin tilde?With "tilde" or without "tilde"?


 Words similar to English: Radio, Televisión, Vídeo, Teléfono, Metro, Taxi, Autobús, Aeropuerto, Puerto, Hotel, Restaurante, Hospital, Doctor, Museo, Teatro, Música, Diccionario, Colegio...  


 The students spell their names 


 Dictation: Gimnasio, Cero, Comida, Queso, Jugar, Guerra, Colección, Zaragoza, Jefe, Cincuenta, Gol, Camarero, Cine, Quilo, Guitarra, Cinco, Cuenta, Zoo, General, Joven, Cantar... 


Numbers:

From 0 to 199.

You have to learn the word Y = And

Number 1 and other numbers ending in 1 have a male form (uno) and a female form (una)

The word for 100 is a different word

 Telling telephone numbers 


About number:

Making pliral is Spanish is so easy:

Words ending in vowel make plural adding -s:

  • Abogado / Abogados = Lawyer / Lawyers
  • Mesa / Mesas = Table / Tables

Words ending in consonant make plural adding -es:

  • Profesor / Profesores = Teacher / Teachers
  • Pared / Paredes = Wall / Walls 

 Class Mind Map 
 Counting class stuff 


¡Hola!

Greetings:



  • ¡Hola! = Hello!
  • Buenos días / tardes / noches = Good morning / afternoon / evening / night
  • ¿Cómo estás? / ¿Qué tal (estás)? = How are you?
  • (Muy) Bien, gracias = (Very) Well, thnaks
  • Encantado / Encantada = Nice to meet you (Male / Female)
  • Mucho gusto = Pleased to meet you
  • Bienvenido / Beinvenida = Wellcome (Male / Female)

 Students greet each other  


Self-Introduction: 


 ¿How to say "my name is" in Spanish? 


  • Me llamo Justo = My name is justo (Literally = I´m called Justo)
  • Soy Justo = I am Justo
  • Soy español = I am Spaniard
  • Soy de Madrid = I am from Madrid
  • Soy profesor de español = I am Spanish teacher
  • Tengo 32 años = I am 32 years old (Literally = I have 32 years old)
  • Estudio español = I study Spanish
  • Trabajo como profesor de español = I work as Spanish teacher

About I:

In Spanish you don´t need to especify the subject in any sentence. In fact is more common not use it. But of course you can use it. The personal pronoun for I is Yo.

Preposition De

The Spanish preposition De has several uses. 

  • Soy de Barcelona = I am FROM Barcelona
  • Profesor de Español = Spanish Teacher (Literally = Teacher OF Spanish)

About gender:

In Spanish the adjectives usually have a male form and a female form. Many words for occupations follow this patterns.

-or / -ora

  • Profesor / Profesora = Teacher (Male / Female)
  • Conductor / Conductora = Driver (Male / Female)

-o / -a

  • Abogado / Abogada = Lawyer (Male / Female)
  • Ingeniero /  Ingeniera = Engineer (Male / Female)

But other words for occupations only have one form.

  • Estudiante = Student
  • Cantante = Singer

As a general rule we can say that the ending -o is for male and the ending -a is for female. Other endings usually are for both.

 Mind Map for Occupations 
 Students´ Sef-introduction 

Farewells:

  • ¡Adiós! = Bye!
  • Hasta prontoSee you soon (Literally = Till tomorrow) 
  • Hasta mañana = See you tomorrow (Literally = Till tomorrow


 Farewells